PAGE 16
HIV NUTRITION UPDATE
VOLUME 9, ISSUE 3
 Could Dietary Algae Protect Against HIV Progression?

 

(Continued from page 10)

 

                    References

1. Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae as potential antiviral drugs. Gen Pharmacol 1997;29(4):497-511.

2. Schaeffer DJ, Krylov VS. Anti-HIV activity of extracts and compounds from algae and cyanobacteria. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2000; 45(3):208-27.

 

3. Luscher-Mattli M. Polyanions--a lost chance in the fight against HIV and other virus diseases? Antivir Chem Chemother 2000;11(4):249-59.

4. Hirahashi T, Matsumoto M, Hazeki K, Saeki Y, Ui M, Seya T. Activation of the human innate immune system by Spirulina: augmentation of interferon production and NK cytotoxicity by oral administration of hot water extract of Spirulina platensis. Int Immunopharmacol 2002;2(4):423-34.

5. Hayashi K, Hayashi T, Kojima I. A natural sulfated polysaccharide, calcium spirulan, isolated from Spirulina platensis: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of anti-herpes simplex virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1996;12(15):1463-71.

6. Ayehunie S, Belay A, Baba TW, Ruprecht RM. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by an aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998;18(1):7-12.

7. Hoshino T, Hayashi T, Hayashi K, Hamada J, Lee JB, Sankawa U. An antivirally active sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (TURNER) C. AGARDH. Biol Pharm Bull 1998;21(7):730-4.

8. Teas J, Hebert JR, Fitton JH, Zimba PV. Algae -- a poor man's HAART? Med Hypotheses 2004; 62(4):507-10.

9. AIDS Epidemic Update 2004. UNAIDS 2005.

10. Toyokawa H. Nutritional status in Japan from the viewpoint of numerical ecology. Soc Sci Med 1978;12(6A):517-24.

11. Delpeuch F, Joseph A, Cavelier C. Consommation alimentaire et apport nutritonnel des algues bleues (Oscillatoria platensis) chez quelques populations du Kanem (Tchad). Ann Nutr Aliment 1976;29:497-516.

12. US Food and Drug Administration. GRAS status of certain red and brown algae and their extractives. Federal Register 1982;47(207):47373-47376.


13. U.S. FDA. Spirulina, the dried biomass of Arthrospira platensis GRAS Notice No. GRN 000127; 2003 Oct 3.

14. Muto S, Nimura K, Oohara M, Oguchi Y, et al. Polysaccharides and antiviral drugs containing the same as active ingredient. US patent: 5,089,481. Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha (Tokyo, JP); 1992 Feb 18. 

15. Furusawa E, Furusawa S, Chou SC. Antileukemic activity of Viva-Natural, a dietary seaweed extract, on Rauscher murine leukemia in comparison with anti-HIV agents, azidothymidine, dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate. Cancer Lett 1991;56(3):197-205. 

16. Spieler R. Seaweed compound's anti-HIV efficacy will be tested in southern Africa. Lancet 2002;359(9318):1675.

17. Campbell SS. Called to Heal: Traditional healing meets modern medicine in southern Africa today. Cape Town: Zebra Press. 1998 ISBN: 1-86872-240-6.

18. South African Department of Health. National HIV and Syphilis Sero-prevalence Survey of Women Attending Public Antenatal Clinics in South Africa. Avert.org 2003.

19. Gordon JS. The White House Commission on Complemenary and Alternative Medicine Policy and the future of healthcare. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 2004;10(5):20-23.

20. Yazdanpanah Y. Costs associated with combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2004;53(4):558-561.

21. Gilroy DJ, Kauffman KW, Hall RA, Huang X, Chu FS. Assessing potential health risks from Microcystin toxin in blue-green algae dietary supplements. Environmental Health Perspectives 2000;108(5):435-439.

22. Teas J, Pino S, Critchley A, Braverman LE. Variability of Iodine Content in Common Commercially Available Edible Seaweeds. Thyroid 2004;14(10):836-841.

23. Thomson CD. Dietary recommendations for iodine around the world. IDD, International Council for control of iodine deficiency disorders Newsletter 2002;18(3):38-42.
 

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2/15/2005